|
|
Audi 100/A61990-1997 of releaseRepair and car operation |
|
|
Audi 100/A6 + 1. Maintenance instruction + 2. Maintenance + 3. Engines + 3.2. Diesel engines + 3.3. Removal and partition of engines + 4. Cooling system + 5. Heating and ventilation + 6. Fuel system + 7. Exhaust system + 8. Systems of start, ignition + 9. Transmission + 10. Brake system + 11. Suspension brackets, steering + 12. Body + 13. Electric equipment - 14. Good advice 14.1.1. Changed numbers 14.1.2. Purchase of the old car or mysterious set of figures and letters 14.2. Durability of the car 14.3. About parallelism of bridges of the car and the trailer 14.4. Preparation of the car for winter 14.5. It is not got – good advice 14.6. From change of places "composed" changes nothing? 14.7. Visit to car-care center + 14.8. Engine + 14.9. Conditioner 14.10. Turbokompressor - 14.11. Rub in one – or how to save the catalyst 14.11.1. As the catalyst works 14.11.2. That ruins the catalyst 14.11.3. Enemies of the catalyst + 14.12. Accumulator 14.13. Generator 14.14. Probuksovochka 14.15. "Machine gun" + 14.16. Brake system + 14.17. Wheels and tires 
|
14.11.1. As the catalyst works
At combustion of a working mix a row unhealthy the person of products of combustion, in particular, a carbon oxide (WITH), various hydrocarbons (SN) and nitrogen (NO) oxides is formed. Though these substances also make only 1 % from the general exhaust (the rest is a nitrogen, dioxide of carbon and water vapor), they are very harmful and neutralization demand. There are some ways of fight against harmful exhausts – for example, mix pauperization at which the engine or an exhaust retsirkulyatsiya works – but any of them will not be compared by efficiency to catalytic converter. As experts speak, catalytic converter is a simple device in which there is a difficult chemical process. "In the case from stainless steel there is the ceramic or metal "brick" having cellular structure. At this monolith the huge area of a surface, and all it is covered with the thinnest layer of a special alloy – actually the catalyst containing platinum, rhodium and a palladium. These precious metals are responsible for wonderful properties of the catalyst, they define its high cost". Exhaust gases "wash" a monolith surface, and when the temperature reaches "critical" value 270 ° With, catalytic reaction begins. The oxide of carbon turns into dioxide (carbon dioxide), hydrocarbons turn into water and besides carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen turn into water and nitrogen. All this for environment less harmfully. Catalytic converters are capable to reduce quite effectively toxicity of an exhaust, thus they do not influence consumption of fuel and engine capacity. In the presence of the catalyst return pressure of an exhaust from what the engine loses 2–3 h.p., but it, practically, all "payment" for exhaust cleaning slightly increases. However, installation of catalytic converter – not the ideal decision. Theoretically, it should serve infinitely as aforementioned precious metals serve only as the catalyst which at chemical reaction, as we know, is not spent. In practice life of the catalyst has the limit... |
|